The world’s largest footwear and apparel companies are facing a shock to their supply chains after President Donald Trump announced new tariffs on Vietnam and other critical production hubs.
The U.S. imposed a 46 per cent reciprocal tariff rate on Vietnamese goods on Wednesday as part of Trump’s growing trade war with countries around the world. Other new tariffs include 49 per cent on Cambodia, 34 per cent on China and 32 per cent on Indonesia.
Nike Inc. and Adidas AG made big bets on Vietnam over the last decade. Today, about half of all Nike shoes and 39 per cent of Adidas shoes are made in the country, according to regulatory filings. Vietnam is the largest supplier of footwear for both companies, and shoes produced in the country account for more than $20 billion in combined annual revenue.
Nike shares fell 6.4 per cent in extended trading at 5:06 p.m. New York time. Lululemon Athletica Inc., which makes 40 per cent of its products in Vietnam and 17 per cent in Cambodia, tumbled almost 9.6 per cent in late trading. Shares of Abercrombie & Fitch Co., which gets 35 per cent of its merchandise from Vietnam and 22 per cent from Cambodia, fell 7.7 per cent. Gap Inc., which buys about 27 per cent of its goods from Vietnamese factories and 19 per cent from Indonesia, slid 11 per cent.
“More tariffs equal more anxiety and uncertainty for American businesses and consumers,” National Retail Federation Executive Vice President of Government Relations David French said on Wednesday. “Tariffs are a tax paid by the U.S. importer that will be passed along to the end consumer.”
Tariffs add to the trade turbulence that shoe sellers are trying to navigate. Nike already said it expects its gross margin to decline sharply this quarter, in part due to U.S. tariffs on products from China and Mexico.
“Shifting supply chains is not an option given performance footwear requires a very specific skill set and factories,” said Poonam Goyal, an analyst at Bloomberg Intelligence. “I can’t see how prices to consumers don’t go up.”
Nike and Adidas didn’t immediately respond to requests for comment.
Major fashion retailers such as Uniqlo owner Fast Retailing Co. and Hennes & Mauritz AB also count Vietnam as one of their biggest suppliers. The country exported $44 billion in textiles last year, with the US as its largest market, according to the Vietnam Textile and Apparel Association.
The footwear and apparel industries boosted production in Vietnam during Trump’s first term in the White House as the trade war with China escalated. Vietnam has low labor costs, a skilled workforce already adept at manufacturing shoes and clothes, transportation infrastructure, and was seen as less of a threat to be involved in geopolitical clashes. It also boasted trade agreements with the US and the European Union.
Hints that Vietnam could get entangled in Trump’s trade wars began in 2019, when Trump said that Vietnam took advantage of the US “even worse than China.” Retail lobbyists feared that Trump was near enacting tariffs on Vietnam in the last month of his first term, according to people familiar with the matter.
Vietnam emerged a big winner as brands reduced their exposure to China. Footwear and textiles are now among Vietnam’s most vital exports, and the industry flourished as brands like Nike and Adidas linked with dozens of sneaker factories. Neither company produces more than 20 per cent of its footwear in China anymore.
Vietnam has been among Asia’s fastest growing economies. Its gross domestic product grew 7.1 per cent last year, surpassing both government projections and estimates from analysts surveyed by Bloomberg.
Just days after Trump re-entered the White House in January, Secretary of State Marco Rubio encouraged senior officials in Vietnam to address trade imbalances. Vietnam’s trade surplus with the US was more than $123 billion last year, according to US Census Bureau data, and officials have said they’ve been urging increased purchases of US products.
Only China and Mexico have larger trade surpluses with the US.
Vietnam Prime Minister Pham Minh Chinh said in January that he’d be willing to visit Trump at Mar-a-Lago to “golf all day long” if it helps resolve trade quarrels. Since then, the government has been trying to appease the Trump administration by cutting its own tariffs on US cars, ethanol and liquefied natural gas.
--With assistance from Jonathan Roeder.
©2025 Bloomberg L.P.
